Range and elevation computing system



Feb., 2i, E50 R. H. RlNEs Y 4979913 RANGE AND ELEVATION COMPUTING SYSTEM Filed April 2, 1947 2 sheets-sheet 1 PULSE RAmO GENEUMQR TRANSmnER //0- Rnoao RECEIVER Ano osrecfofi wezP vsoEo mecum Anmmms Feb. 2l, 1950 R. H. RINES v RANGE AND ELEVATION COMPUTING SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 2, 1947 Patented Feb. 21,1950

UNITED STATES TENT ortica RANGE AND ELEVATION COMPUTING SYSTEM 34 Claims.

The present invention relates to electric methods and systems, and more particularly to methods and systems designed electrically to solve trigonometric problems. The present application is a continuation-in-part of applications Serial No. 502,068, filed September 11, 1943, now abandoned, and Serial No. 540,712, filed June 16, 1944.

It is frequently desirable, given the range and elevation of an aircraft or other object, to determine its height and ground range. In order for heavy anti-aircraft guns to re accurately, for example, it is necessary to know two things: rst, the height H of the aircraft above the ground; and, secondly, the horizontal or ground range G, or the distance of the aircraft from thegun, measured along the ground. These values of H and G are continuously varying, for the aircraft is in continual motion.

The gun crew does not, however, know the value of either the height H or the ground range G of the aircraft. All that it has to work with is a visual or a radio-location indication of the Ipresence of the airplane, together with rangending equipment for measuring the instantaneous values of the angle a of elevation of the aircraft, and of its slant range R, the distance in space between the gun and the aircraft. These instantaneous values of the angle a of elevation and the range R are accurately supplied by the range-finding equipment continuously. In order to bring down the aircraft, the gun crew must promptly and continuously find the corresponding instantaneous values of the height H of the aircraft and its ground range G. These instantaneous values are continuously entered into the gun directors to predict future Ipositions of the hostile aircraft. Knowing these future positions it becomes possible, at any particular moment, for the anti-aircraft crew to aim the guns, not at the airplane itself, but toward the position that the airplane will occupy by the time that the shell shall reach that position.

This information is also vital for use in the ground-control interception of hostile craft by night lighters; for the fighters, after attaining the proper altitude, are vectored continuously from the ground until they make contact.

One way to obtain the instantaneous values of H and G from the data supplied by the rangefmding equipment, of course, is by trigonometric calculation. There is not time, however, for calculation, because by the time that the calculations have been completed, the aircraft will no longer be where it was when the calculations were begun.

Mechanical aids have, therefore, been devised for converting continuously the given range R. and the angle a of elevation oi the aircraft into its corresponding height H and ground range G. These, however, are very clumsy and inaccurate.

An object of the present invention, therefore, is, given an angle and the hypotenuse of a right triangle, electrically to determine the legs of the triangle.

Another object is to provide a novel method of electrically solving right triangles.

A further object is to provide a novel electrical height computer and ground-range computer.

Still another object is to provide a novel electrical height computer and ground-range computer that will be operable with range-finding equipment, such as is embodied at a radio-locator system.

Other and further objects will be explained hereinafter and will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

The invention will now be more fully explained in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a radiolocation system for determining the range and the angle of elevation of an airplane, in combination with circuits and apparatus operating with the data thus obtained for determining the height and the ground range of the airplane; Figs. 2A

and 3 are similar views of modified circuits and apparatus; and Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the circuits and apparatus of Fig. 1 showing further details.

Let it be assumed that an airplane object A is at a Slant-range distance R from a point of observation O, and that its elevation is the angle a. The point of observation O may be on a ship or on land. The slant range R and the angle a of elevation may be observed in any well-known way as, for example, by means of any well-known radio-location equipment.

The illustrated radio-location equipment comprises a radio-location transmitter |04, shown triggered by a pulse generator |05 to transmit pulses of ultra-high-frequency radio waves to a dipole antenna II3. From the antenna IIS, the radio waves are reflected by a directive paraboloidal reflector |00 towards an object, such as the airplane A, from which the waves are reflected and scattered back to the reflector |00. The returned radio pulse echoes, received by the antenna I I3, are detected in a radio receiver and detector I I0, and amplified by preferably grounded video amplifiers I I2.

A cathode-ray-tube I I4 is shown provided with an electron gun I I I, a pair of horizontally spaced deflection plates lill and Il, a pair of vertically spaced deflection plates ll and lil, and a iluorescent screen 30 upon which the electron stream from the electron gun Ill impinges. Magnetic as well as the electrostatic deflection means shown could also be used as is Well-known in the art.

The screen Hill is provided with a centrally disposed cross-wire I28. The plate lill is connected by a conductor itt to a slider All. The plate lll has a grounded connection to the grounded side of the video amplifier output. A

time-base sweep ll is produced on the screen' I3 by a sweep-generator circuit Hi8 connected to the horizontally spaced plates lili and lill?. The sweep circuit lill? is triggered by the pulse generator l connected to trigger also the radio transmitter lllfl. The received echoes are fed from the video ampliers H2 between the vertically spaced plates H13 and G05. This produces a vertical deflection l2@ on the time-base sweep I2ll of the screen E32.

The angular position occupied by the directive reflector iilll at the time that the echoes are received determines the angle of elevation of the object. The directive reflector itil may be elevated by a radio-location-station operator by means of a handwheel l'll, shown in Fig. Ll.

The same or another radio-location-station operator, continuously observing the deflection 125, will continuously adjust the potentiometer slider lit along a range potentiometer d2, comprising a resistor. The resistor is shown supplied with voltage by a battery or any other desired source vof energy lill. The operator brings the deection 12E continuously to the cross-wire 528 on the cathode-ray-tube screen itil. The setting of the slider i6 upon the potentiometer t2, corresponding to a resistance of value R3, is read off on a scale El. The voltage V3 across the resistance R3, continuously set in the radio-location equipment, is a measure of the slant range R of the airplane object A. Since the distance of the deflection l2@ from the initial or starting point |25 of the sweep I 2li indicates the range R of the object A, and since the voltage V3 across the resistance R3 of the potentiometer i2 is adjusted to keep the deection l2@ always at the center I28 of the screen le'lll, this reading of the scale 6l indicates the slant range of the object.

,Further details of a conventional radio-location system of this character for continuously determining the slant range R and the angle a of 'elevation of an object is Vdescribed in an article by H. G. Foster, entitled, Radar in A. A. Defence, Electronic Engineering, vol. 18, No. 215, January 1946, pages 2 to 8. The range-potentiometer system ft2-155 may also be controlled to gate and track automatically the echo 126 as described, for example in an article, entitled, The SCR-584 Radar, page 113 oi Electronics, Mc- Graw-Hill, February 1946.

The slant range R and the angle or of eleva- I tion, lthus continuously supplied by the radiolocation equipment, cannot be used for gundirecting predictors and for lighter-control operations. For these purposes, it is necessary continuously to convert the slant range R and the angle a of elevation of the right triangle into data representing the height l-I and ground range G of the aircraft. This data may, of course, be obtained by means of trigonometric 'tables or a slide rule, but this is too time-consuming. Cams and other mechanical equipment have been ernployed, but theyare too clumsy and awkward.

It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to obtain this information rapidly, accurately, and continuously by electrical means.

According to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 1, a potentiometer 2, comprising a resistor, is supplied with voltage from a battery or any other desired source oi' energy 4. A potentiometer slider 6 cooperates with the potentiometer 2. A terminal 28 of this resistor is disposed adjacent to the Zero reading of the potentiometer as observed on a scale 6l). Another potentiometer 8 comprises a resistor supplied with voltage from a voltage source I9 and a slider l2. A terminal 38 of this resistor is disposed adjacent to the zero reading of the potentiometer ll. The sliders 6 and l2 are mechanically connected together, though insulated from each other. The potentiometer 8 is so designed, either empirically or by computation, that, to each setting of the slider S on the potentiometer 2, provding a resistance value R1, the corresponding setting of the slider I2 on the potentiometer 8 shall yield a resistance value R12. The voltage of the battery It will therefore produce a voltage V12, the square of the voltage V1 across the -resistance R1.

A third potentiometer I4, which may be similar to the potentiometer 2, may comprise a resistor supplied with voltage from a battery It, and having a slider I8. A terminal 32 of this resistor is disposed adjacent to the zero reading of the potentiometer "lll, as observed on a scale E2. A fourth potentiometer 22, which may be similar to the potentiometer fl, may comprise a resistor supplied with voltage from a voltage source 22, and having a slider 24. A terminal All of this resistor is disposed adjacent to the zero reading of the potentiometer 2li. The sliders i8 and 2li, like the sliders 6 and l2, are mechanically, though insulatingly, connected together. The potentiometer 2li is so designed that, to each reading R2 of the slider i3, there shall be a corresponding reading R22 of the slider 24. The voltage of the battery 22 will therefore produce a voltage V22, the square of the voltage V2 across the resistance R2.

The adjustable voltages V1 and V2 of the respective potentiometers 2 and I4 may be considered as first and second voltages, and the adjustable voltages V12 and V22 of the potentiometers 8 and 28 may be considered as third and fourth voltages, respectively. vThe voltage of a potentiometer Eil'may be considered asa nfth voltage.

A coil '2t is connected between the terminal 28, adjacent to the zero reading of vthe potentiometer 2, and the slider kl. A coil 3U is similarly connected between the terminal 32, adjacent to the zero reading of the potentiometer I4, and the slider I8. The coils 2S and SE1, in accordance with well-known practice, may be so arranged that their magnetic fields shall interact in such fashion as to cause the voltage V1 o1" the variable voltage source across the resistance R1 to oppose the'voltage Vzof the variable voltage source across the resistance R2. This may be eiected by having the magnetic fields of the coils 26 and 3i] operate Vat right angles to each other, correspondingly to control the position of a moving coil or magnetic needle or similar device Sli. The tangent of the angle of rest of the element 34 will therefore be the ratio vB52/R1 of the resistances R2 and R1 or the ratio V2/V1 of the voltages V1 and V2, the voltage V2 and the resistance R2 be- .ingiproportional to the .sine of the said angle of rest, and the voltage V1 and the resistance R1,

being proportional to the cosine of the said angle of rest. All that is necessary, in order to attain this end, is suitably to adjust the batteries of the potentiometers, or otherwise to adjust the potentiometers, to cause the magnetic elds of the voltages of the variable voltage sources to interact to the predetermined degree.

If R2, for example, is proportional to H, the height of the airplane, and if R1 is proportional to G, its ground range, the element 34 will orient itself along an angle which will be equal to the angle a, the elevation of the aircraft. The angle a will then be indicated by the meter 26, 34, 36.

One end of a coil 36 is connected to the terminal 44, adjacent to the Zero reading of the potentiometer 20. The other end of the coil 36 is connected to the slider I2. The slider 24 is co-nnected to the terminal 38, adjacent to the zero reading of the potentiometer 8. Since the resistances R12 and R22 of the potentiometers 8 and 20 are thus connected in series With the coil 36, a voltage becomes impressed across the coil 36 equal in value to V12+V22, the sum of the squares of the voltages V1 and V2 appearing across the resistances R1 and R2 on the potentiometers 2 and I4, respectively. The voltage of the coil 36 may be considered as a sixth voltage.

Under the above example, where R1 is proportional to G and R2 to I-I, the voltage V12+V22 across the coil 36 is proportional to a voltage corresponding to H2|G2.

The slider 46 of the range potentiometer 42 of the radio-location equipment is mechanically connected to, though insulated from, the slider 48 on a potentiometer 56. The potentiometer 56 is so designed, in conjunction with its battery 52, that there shall be tapped off by the slider 48, between the slider 48 and a terminal 56 adjacent to the zero reading on the potentiometer 56, a resistance R32 equal to the square of the resistance R3 tapped off by the slider 46 of the range potentiometer 42. There is thus produced a voltage V32 equal to the square of the voltage V3 tapped off the range potentiometer 42, and proportional to Rs2.

In addition to the variable voltage sources V1 and V2 across the respective resistance R1 and R2, as before stated, there is the variable voltage Source V3, across the resistance R3, constituting, as previously stated, a measure of the range of the ofbject A.

A coil 54, oriented parallel to the coil 36, is subjected to the voltage V32. As the voltage V3, corresponding to the resistor setting R3 on the potentiometer` 42, is proportional to the voltage corresponding to the range R, the voltage V32 across the coil 54 will therefore be proportional to R2.

A needle 58 is influenced by the magnetic fields of the coils 36 and 54, the former of which is proportioned to V12-|V22, the sum of the squares of the voltages V1 and V2 appearing on the potentiometers 2 and I4, and the latter of which is proportioned to V32, the square of the voltage V3 appearing on the potentiometer 42. The needle 58 and the coils 36 and 54 thus provide a further meter 36, 54, 58.

If the voltage across the coil 36 is equal to that across the coil 54, the needle 58 will occupy its zero or null position. In that event, the voltage corresponding to the setting R3 on the potentiometer 42 will be such, along with the settings R1 and R2, that R2=H2+G2.

The slider 46 is thus automatically set in the radio-location system so that the setting R3 shall 6 correspond to the range R. The height-finder operator Will merely manipulate the sliders 6 and I8 until the needle 34 occupies the angle of elevation a. At such times, when the needle 34 occupies the angle a, and the needle 58 occupies its zero or null position, therefore, R2 will correspond to the value I-I and R1 to the value G. The values H and G may, therefore, be directly read off on the height and ground-range representing scales 62 and 60, respectively associated with the potentiometers I4 and 2; or the voltages may be tapped off for use in predicting height and ground-range representing circuits, as isv Well-known in the art.

It will be observed that the readings of Rz, represented on the scale 62, which are proportional to sin a, have been modified in accordance with the adjustment of the range-potentiometer slider 46 to correlate the factor of proportionality to the slant range R, thereby yielding the values R sin u, and that the readings of R1, represented on the scale 60, which are proportional to cos a, have similarly been modified to correlate the factor of proportionality to the slant range R, thereby yielding the values R cos a. The invention, therefore, provides a method of and means for electrically measuring first and second values, namely, the sine and the cosine of an angle a, multiplied by any desired factor of proportionality or third-value multiplier R, the value of which is determined by the setting R3. To attain these ends, the voltage of the potentiometer 50 is adjusted to the value V32, corresponding to the square of the third value R. The potentiometer 2 is adjusted to produce further voltages V1 that may represent values related by a factor of proportionality to the cosine of the angle a, and

. the potentiometer I4 is adjusted to produce further voltages V2 that may represent values related by a factor of proportionality to the sine of the angle a. The ratio of the further voltages V2 and V1 corresponds to the tangent of the angle a and the sum of their squares, V12-i-V22, corresponds to the adjusted voltage V32. The voltages V2 and V1 are then measures of the nrst and second values R sin a and R cos a.

In practice, the needle 34 magT be positioned over or to the side of another needle IIB, which is caused automatically to assume the correct orientation a of the elevation-iinding equipment. This may be effected in any desired way, as by means of the magnetic fields induced in coils afb and c-d, Figs. 1 and 4, controlled from a magnet indicator |02 moving with the directivereflector IUI). The coils a-b and c-d are shown in Fig. 4 connected respectively to coils ba and d'-c by conductors I I5 and I Il, respectively. Selsyn indicators supplying this data could also be used, as described,'for example, in the abovementioned electronic-engineering publication. Without even knowing the value of the angle a, therefore, the height-finder operator needs merely to synchronize the operation of the needle 34 with the needle I I6. The height-finder operator, further, does not know nor does he need to know the values of the slant range R being set in by the radio-location operator, and even the radiolocation operator need not know the values of slant range as he keeps the deection |26 centered on the cross-Wire I28.

Though the description above has proceeded upon the assumption that the slant range R and the angle a of elevation have been given, in order to determine the values of the legs H and G of the right triangle, it is obvious that the inverse problem isA also soluble electrically according to the present invention; that is, given the legs I-l' and G of the triangle, it is possible to determine electrically the range R and the angle a of elevation. All that would be necessary in order to attain that end, would be rst to disconnect the slider it from the radio-location equipment, and then to set the sliders 6 and I8 to positions such that the voltages V1 and V2 across the resistors R1 and R2 would be proportional to the values of the legs G- and H. The angle occupied by the needle 3d would thereupon be the angle a, and.

the setting of the slider 66, that Would cause the pointer 58 to assume its zero or null position would correspond to the value of the slant range R. This slant range R could then be read off upon the scale 5! associated with the resistor 42.

In similar fashion, the slant range R and one of the legs G and H may be determined, given the other leg and one of the acute angles u. The invention, indeed, provides an electrical solution of the problem of solving` right triangles analogous in all respects to the trigonometric solution by calculation.

The potentiometers 8, 2S' and di] may be replaced by other mechanisms for producing the square of the voltages appearing on the potentiometers .2, lli and iii?, respectively. One such preferable mechanism is illustrated in Fig, 2. The potentiometer 8 is shown replaced by a vacuumtube or electron tube triode 19, operated, in conjunction with a suitable cathode bias M, and a plat-e load '52, shown as a resistor, to produce a characteristic curve that obeys the square law. The potentiometers 2E) and 50 are similarly replaced, respectively, by vacuum tubes 8D and 9U, provided with suitable bias resistors 84 and Sill, respectively, and plate loads 82 and 92, respectively, so that the output circuits of the respective triodes 8d and 99 provide voltages corresponding to the squares of the voltage inputs tapped on on the potentiorneters M and 42, respectively. The circuits operate on the same principle as previously described for the voltage-squaring potentiorneters. The cathode resistors 14, 865 and 9G are shown variable to facilitate setting to Zero the initial readings on the metersSo, 54', 58, and 25, 36. The tubes li), Sil and 9E) all operate on portions of` their square-law characteristic curves sufficiently below the saturation region to prevent the now of grid` current which would upset the meter readings; they operate as po-tential, rather than current devices, so as not to conduct very freely. The biases are adjusted so that no or few grid-current electrons shall be drawn from the respective cathodes 'E l @l and 9i into the respective grid circuits of any of the tubes over essentially the complete range of the input potentiometers The control electrodes 13, 83 and 93 should not draw electrons, else they might upset the calibrations of the potentiometers 2, ld; and respectively. This may be eected by suitably designing the bias resistors M, S4 and 94, and the other elements.

The battery i@ constitutes the B-battery source for the output circuit of the triode lil, which may be traced from one side of the battery it, through the bias ll, the cathode ll, the anode and the load l2, to the other side of the battery iii. The batteries 22 and 52 constitute, similarly, B-battery sources for the output circuits of the triodes t@ and 90, respectively, comprising the respective cathodes 8| and 9i and the respective anodes 85 and 95.

The high side of the voltage tapped on thepotentiometer 2 is fed by the slider 6 to a connector 'I which feeds the control grid 'I3 of the triode 'HJ by Way of a permanent connection 18. The cathode bias lli connects to the low side of the potentiometer 2. The voltages tapped on the respective potentiometers it and 42 are similarly fed by the respective sliders I8 and 46 which are connected to respective connectors 8l and 91, between the control grids 83 and 93, and the cathodes 8i and 9i, respectively, of the respective control-grid circuits. The slider lit, as in the system of Fig. l, is connected. by the conductor E32 to the plate lill of the cathode-raytube H4. The setting of the slider -f in response to keeping the deeotion L26 centered on the cross-Wire Hi8 thus automatically controls the vacuum tube gil.

The voltage in the output circuit, across the bias 'M and the triode '59, or across the load 'i2 and the battery IU, will then be equal to a constant minus the square of V1, the voltage input, Where the constant is essentially the voltage of the B-'oattery iii. The voltage of the output circuit of the triode 8G will similarly be equal to a constant minus the square of V2, Where the voltage of the battery 22 equals the voltage of the battery lil; and the voltage of the output circuit of the triode 9G will be equal to a constant minus the square of V3, where the constant has a value equal to twice the voltage of the battery l0.

rhe coil 36 is connected in a circuit that is subjected to the voltages of the output circuits of both the triodes 'l0 and Bil. This circuit may be traced from the anode l5 of the tricde lil, by way of a conductor it, through the coil 36 and the bias til, to the cathode BI of the triode Bil; then to the anode 35 of the triode 80; and, finally, by way of a conductor t6, through the bias 'ifi to the cathode 'H of the triode lil, and back to the anode 171i. The coil 36 will therefore be subjected to a Voltage corresponding to V12-H722.

Instead of taking the plate outputs of the square-laW-operating vacuum tubes, the tubes le, 88 and gli may be used as cathode followers, as shown for the tube 3i! in Fig. 3, to give square outputs across their respective cathode loads, such as across the cathode resistor Sli of tube 9U.

Other vacuum tubes, such as square detectors. may be similarly used to produce the same results.

The potentiometers 2, lil and E may also similarly be replaced by other voltage-producing devices.

According to the present invention, therefore, all that is necessary, in order to determine the height H and the ground range G o the aircraft A, is for the radio-location operator to keep the deflection E26' on the cross-Wire 23 of the cathode-ray-tube screen i392, and for the height finder operator to adjust the potentiometer sliders d and E55 so as to keep the needles 34 andV MG aligned and the needle i8 in its null position. Keeping the deflection i215 on the cross-WireV |28 automatically effects adjustment of the potentiometer slider 5.8 from the potentiometer slider lit. With the slider thus automatically set to the proper adjusted position, and With the sliders 6 and i3 adjusted continuously by the operator along the respective potentiometers 2 and Ul so that the needleii shall be continuously aligned with the needle H5, the angle of which is automatically maintained by the equipment equal to the angle e of elevation, and.. so that the pointer 58 maintain the nullposition indicated, the values R sin a and R cos a may be read continuously along the scales 62 and 60. Corresponding with each setting of the slider 6, there is a setting of the slider I2 on the potentiometer 8, determining the value G2; corresponding to each setting of the slider i8, there is a setting of the slider 24 determining the value H2; and the sum of these values, H2+G2, is represented in the coil 36. Corresponding to each setting of the range R, furnished by the slider 46, there is a setting of the slider 48 on the potentiometer 50, determining the value of R2, and a voltage corresponding to this value R2 is impressed upon the coil 54. When the needle 58 occupies its illustrated null position, therefore, the relation R2=G21H2 is established. When the pointer 34 is disposed at an angle equal to the angle a of elevation supplied by the range-iinding equipment, the ratio of the values G and H read off on the respective potentiometer scales B and 62 is equal to the tangent of that angle.

In actual practice, as before explained, all that the height-finder operator has to do is to perform manipulations of the sliders while watching the needles 58 and 34. The apparatus itself automatically does the rest. As the airplane A moves nearer or further away, the slider 46 changes its setting to correspond; and the operator is able at all times to determine the instantaneous values of the ground range G and the height H. The adjustment of the slider 46 of the potentiometer 42 to correspond to the continuously varying slant range R of the distant aircraft A is automatically effected continuously from the range-finding equipment itself, and without the gun crew even knowing its value. The operator may thus concentrate his attention on the continuous adjustment of the needle 34 and the pointer.

For plotting-control, the desired instantaneous values of the height H and the ground range G may, at all times, be read off directly and continuously on the scales B2 and 5U. The setting of the slider 6 on the potentiometer 2 indicates the value of the ground-range G, as continuously indicated on the scale 6D, and the setting of the pointer I8 on the potentiometer I4 the value of the height H, as continuously indicated on the scale 62. As already explained, furthermore, even these readings are not necessary for some purposes, however, for the sliders 6 and i8 may effect control of the anti-aircraft equipment directly, without any knowledge by the operator of either of the values H and G.

Because of the automatic control of the potentiometer 42 by the range-iinding equipment, the operator, while adjusting the potentiometers, need only watch the needles 34 and 58, knowing that, whenever these have the proper reading, the setting of the sliders I8 and 6 will give instantaneous values of the height H and the ground range G.

Further modifications will occur to persons skilled in the art, and all such are considered to fall within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. An electric system for finding the height H and the ground range G of an object with the aid of its angle a of elevation and its range R as obtained from range-nding equipment, the said system comprising three adjustable voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively ow under the influence of the voltages of two of the voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic fields o the said currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said values of the voltages of the said two voltage sources, means controlled by the rangending equipment for adjusting the voltage of the third voltage source to a value corresponding to the square of the range R, and means for adjusting the voltages of the said two voltage sources to values such that their said ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle a and suoli that the sum of their squares shall correspond to the adjusted value of the voltage of the third voltage source, whereby the said adjusted values of the voltages of the said two voltage sources will respectively be measures of the height H and the ground range G.

2. An electric system :For finding the height H and the ground range G of an object with the aid of its angle a of elevation and its range R as obtained from range-iinding equipment, the said system comprising adjustable first, second, third, fourth and fifth voltage sources, means controlled in accordance with the adjusted values of the voltages of the rst and second voltage sources for adjusting the voltages of the third and fourth voltage sources to values corresponding respectively to the squares of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively iiow under the influence of the said voltages of the iirst and second voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the said currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources, means controlled by the range-finding equipment for adjusting the voltage of the fifth voltage source to a value corresponding to the square of the range R, and means for adjusting the said voltages of the iirst and second voltage sources to values such that their said ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle a and such that the sum of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the third and fourth voltage sources shall correspond to the said adjusted value of the voltage of the fth voltage source, whereby the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources will respectively be measures of the height H and the ground range G.

3. An electric system for nding the height H and the ground range G of an object with the aid of its angle a of elevation and its range R as obtained from range-iinding equipment, the said system comprising adjustable first, second, third, fourth and fifth voltage sources, means controlled in accordance with the adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources for adjusting the voltages of the third and fourth voltage sources to values corresponding respectively to the squares of the said adjusted Vvalues of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively iiow under the influence of the said voltages of the rst and second voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic elds of the said currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the rst and second voltage sources, means for creating a sixth voltage of value corresponding to the sum of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the third and fourth voltage sources, means controlled bythe ing to the square of the range R, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the iniiuence of the voltage 0i the fth voltage source and the sixth voltage, means for causing the electromagnetic elds of the last-named currents to oppose each other, and means for adjusting the said voltages of the first and second voltage sources to Values such that their said ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle a and such that the value of the sixth voltage shally correspond to the said adjusted value of the voltage of the fifth voltage source, whereby the said adjusted values of the' voltages of therstand second voltage sources will respectively be measures of the height l-I and the ground range G.

4. An electric system for nding a rfirst value `and a second value that are respectively equal to a third value multiplied by the sine of an angle and the third value 'multiplied by the cosine of the angle, the system comprising nrst, second,

third, fourth and iifth potentiometers each having a slider, the slidersr of the third and fourth potentiometers being respectively adjustable with f the sliders of the first and second potentiometers causing the electromagnetic elds of the currents to act at right angles to yeach other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of thefadjusted values of the vages of the yvoltagefsourceswill respectively be measures of the nrst and secondvalues.

6. An electric system comprising two adjustable voltage sources, relectric circuits 1n which currents respectively flow under the influence of the voltages of the voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic elds of the currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said values of the voltages of rthe voltage sources, an electron tube operating according to the square law to produce f a voltage, means for producing a voltage equal to the 'sum of the squares of the voltages of the voltage sources, and means for adjusting the voltages of the voltage sources to values such that their saidfratior shall rcorrespond to a predeterminedvalue and such that the sum of their squares shall correspond to the value of the voltage produced by the electron tube.

7. An electric system comprising two adjust able voltage sources, electric circuits in which currentsy respectively flow under the influence of the voltages of the voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the currents rto act atrightangles to each other, electron-tubey produce voltages yof Values respectively correspending to the squares of the voltages ofr the respective voltage sources, and means for prorducing a voltage equal to the sum of the said squares. Y

8. An electric system comprising two potentiometers each having a slider, electric circuits voltages of the iirst and second potentiometers, a'

third electric circuit in which current flows under the influence of the 'sum of the said voltages of the third and fourth potentiometers, means for adjusting the slider of the fifth potentiometer to a value corresponding to the square of the third value, a fourth electric circuit in which current flows under the influence of the fifth potentiometer, means for causing the electromagnetic iields of the currents in the third and fourth circuits to oppose each other, and means for adjusting the rstand second potentiometers so that the ratio of their voltages shall correspond to the tangent of the angle and such that the currents in the third and fourth electric circuits shall be equal, whereby the adjustments of the first and second potentiometers will respectively be measures of the first and second values.

5. An electric system for nding a first value and a second value that are respectively equal to a third value multiplied by the sine of an angle and the third value multiplied by the cosine of the angle, the system comprising two adjustable voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the influence of the volt. ages of the voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic elcls of the currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said values of the voltages of the voltage sources, an electron tube operating according to the square law, means for connecting the electron tube to produce a voltage olf-value corresponding to the square of the third value, and means for adjusting the voltages of the voltage sources to values such that their said ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle and such that the sum of their squares shall correspond to the adjusted value of the voltage 0f the electron tube, whereby the said adjusted values ofthevoltin which currents respectively flow under the influence of the voltages of the po-tentiometers,

ymeans, for causing the electromagnetic fields of the currents to act at right angles to each other, two electron tubes operating according to the square law, and means for connecting the sliders to the respective electron tubes to produce voltages of values respectively corresponding to the squares of the voltages of the respective potentiometers, and a third electric circuit in which current flows under the inuence of the sum of the said voltages of the electron tubes.

9. An electric system comprising two potentiometers each having a slider, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the iniiuence of the voltages of the potentiometers, means for causing the electromagnetic iields of the currents to act at right angles to each other, two electron tubes operating according to the square law, means fo-r connecting the sliders to the respective electron tubes to produce voltages of values respectively corresponding to the squares of the voltages of the respective potentiometers, a third electric circuit in which current flows under the inuence of the sum of the said voltages of the electron tubes, a third electron tube operating to produce a further voltage, a fourth electric circuit in which current flows under the influence of the further voltage, and means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the currents in the third and fourth circuits to oppose each other.

10. An electric system comprising two adjust.- able voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents'respectively now under the influence of the voltages of the voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the currents to act at right angles to each other, electron-tube means operating according to the square law and connected to the .respective voltage .sources to 'produce voltages vthat lshall respectively correspond to the squares of the voltages of the voltage sources, a third electric circuit in which current flows under the influence of a voltage corresponding to the sum of the said squares, a third voltage source, a fourth electric circuit in which current flows under the influence of the voltage of the third voltage source, and means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the currents in the third and fourth electric circuits to oppose each other.

11. An electric system for finding a first value and a second value that are respectively equal to a third value multiplied by the sine of an angle and the third value multiplied by the cosine of the angle, the system comprising two adjustable first and second voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the influence of the voltages of the Voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said values of the voltages of the voltage sources, electrontube means operating according to the square law and connected to the respective voltage sources to produce voltages that shall respectively correspond to the squares of the voltages of the voltage sources, a third electric circuit in which current iiows under the influence of a voltage corresponding to the sum of the said squares, a third voltage source adjustable to produce a voltage of value corresponding to the square of the third value, a fourth electric circuit in which current ows under the influence of the voltage of the third voltage source, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the currents in the third and fourth electric circuits to oppose each other, and means for adjusting the voltages of the first and second voltage sources to values such that their ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle and such that the currents in the third and fourth electric circuits shall be equal, whereby the adiustments of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources will respectively be measures of the first and second values.

12. With the aid of adjustable first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth voltages, a method of finding a first value and a second value that are respectively equal to a third value multiplied by the sine of an angle and the third value multiplied by the cosine of the angle, the said method comprising adjusting the third and fourth voltages to values corresponding respectively to the squares of the adjusted values of the first and second voltages, sending a current through a conductor, adjusting the current to create a seventh voltage of value corresponding to the sum of the said squares, adi'usting the fifth voltage to a value corresponding to the third value, adjusting the sixth voltage to a value corresponding to the square of the adjusted fifth voltage, sending a current through a second conductor under the infiuence of the adjusted sixth voltage, causing the electromagnetic fields of the said currents to oppose each other, and adjusting the rst and second voltages to values such that their ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle and such that the value of the seventh voltage 'shall correspond to the said adjusted value of the sixth voltage, whereby the adjusted first and second voltages will respectively be measures of the first and second values.

13. An electric system' for finding a first value and a second value that are respectively equal to a third value multiplied by the sine of an angle and the third value multiplied bythe cosine of fil Cil

the angle, the system comprising three adjustable voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the influence of the voltages of two of the voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the currents to act at right angles to cach other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said values of the voltages of the said two voltage sources, means for adjusting the voltage of the third voltage source to a value corresponding to the third value, means controlled by the voltage of the third voltage source for producing a further voltage corresponding to the square of the third value, and means for adjusting the voltages of the said two voltage sources to values such that their said ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle and such that the sum of their squares shall correspond to the value of the further voltage, whereby the said adjusted values of the voltages of the said two voltage sources will respectively be measures of the first and second values.

14. An electric system for finding a first value and a second value that are respectively equal to a third value multiplied by the sine of an angle and the third value multiplied by the cosine of the angle, the system' comprising adjustable rst, second, third, fourth and fifth voltage sources, means controlled in accordance with the adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources for adjusting the voltages of the third and fourth voltage sources to values corresponding respectively to the squares of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the iniluence of the said voltages of the first and second voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic elds of the said currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources, means ffor adjusting the voltage of the fifth voltage source to a value corresponding to the third value, means controlled by the voltage of the fifth voltage source for producing a further voltage corresponding to the square of the third value, and means for adjusting the said voltages of the first and second voltage sources to values such that their said ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle and such that the sum of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the third and fourth voltage sources shall correspond to the value of the further voltage, whereby the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources Will respectively be measures of the first and second values.

15. An electric system for finding a first value and a second value that are respectively equal to a third value multiplied by the sine of an angle and the third value multiplied by the cosine of the angle, the system comprising adjustable first, second, third, fourth and fifth voltage sources, means controlled in accordance with the adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources for adjusting the voltages of the third and fourth voltage sources to values corresponding respectively to the squares of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the influence of the said voltages of the first and second voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the said currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the rst :isomers and second voltage sources, means for creating a Asixth voltage of value corresponding to the sum of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the third and fourth voltage sources, means for adjusting the voltage oi the fth voltage source to a value corresponding to the third value, means controlled by the voltage of the iifth voltage source lor 4reducing a further voltage corresponding to the. square of the third value, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the iniluence of the further voltage and the sixth voltnieans causing the electromagnetic elds of thef last-named currents to oppose each other, and means for adjusting the said voltages of the first second voltage sources to values such `hat i ielr said ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle and such that the value of the sixth. voltage shall correspond to the value of the further voltage, whereby the said adjusted values ci the voltages oi the first and sec-ond voltage sources will respectively be measures of the 'first and second values.

16. An electric system for nding a rst value and a second value that are respectively equal to a third value multiplied by the sine of an angle and the third value multiplied by the cosine of the angle, the system comprising two potentiometers, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the influence or the voltages of the potenticmeters, means for causing the electromagnetic elds ol the said currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio oi the said values or the voltages of the potentiometers, a voltage source, means for adjusting the Voltage of the voltage source to .a

value `corresponding to the third value, means controlled by the voltage of the voltage source for producing a further voltage corresponding to the square of the third value, and means for adjusting the potentiometers so that the said ratio of their voltages shall correspond to the tangent of the angle and such that the sum of the squares oi their voltages shall correspond to the value oi the further voltage, whereby the adjustments of the potentioineters will respectively be measures of the first and second values.

17. An electric system for ndlng a iirst value and a second value that are respectively equal to third value multiplied by the sine of an angle and the third value multiplied by the cosine of the angle, the system comprising two adjustable voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the influence of the voltages oi the voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said values of the voltages of the voltage sources, an electron tube operating in response to an input voltage according to the square law, means for adjusting the input voltage of the electron tube to produce a voltage or value corresponding; to the square of the third value, and means for adjusting the voltages of the voltage sources to values such that their said ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle and such that the sum of their squares shall correspend to the adjusted value of the voltage of the electron tube, whereby the said adjusted values of the voltages of the voltage sources will respectively be measures of the rlrst and second values.

18. An electric system comprising twov adjustable. voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the inuence of the voltages oi the voltage sources,.means for cans- 16 -ing the electromagnetic elds of the currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said values of the voltages of the voltage sources, means connected to the respective voltage sources for producing voltages of values respectively corresponding to the squares of the voltages of the respective voltage sources, an electron tube operating according to the square law to produce a voltage, and means for adjusting the voltages oi the voltage sources to values such that their said ratio shall correspond to a predetermined value and such that the sum of their squares shall correspond to the valueof the voltage produced by the electron tube.

19. An electric system for finding the height H and the ground range G of an object with the aid of its angle a of elevation and its range R as obtained from range-finding equipment provided with a potentiometer having a slider the position of which corresponds to the range R, the said system comprising three adjustable voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the inuence of the voltages of two of the voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic iields of the said currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining .the ratio of the said values of the voltages of the said two voltage sources, means controlled by the slider for adjusting the voltage of the third voltage source to a value corresponding to the square of the range R, and means for adjusting the voltages of the said two voltage sources to values such that their said ratio shall correspond to the tangent oi the angle u and such that the sum of their squares shall correspond to the adjusted value of the third voltage source, whereby the said adjusted values of the voltages of the said two voltage sources will respectively be measures of the height H and the ground range G.

20. An electric system having, in combination, two potentiometers each having a slider, two electron tubes operating according to the square law, means for connecting the sliders to the respective tubes to produce voltages that shall respectively correspond to the squares of the voltages determined by the sliders on the respective potentiometers, two coils respectively connected to the potentiometers and disposed so that their electromagnetic iields shall act at right angles to each other, a further coil connected to the electron tubes so as to be subjected to a voltage corresponding to the sum of the said squares, a third potentiometer having a third slider, a third electron tube operating according to the square law, means for connecting the third slider to the third electron tube to produce a voltage that shall correspond to the square of the voltage determined by the slider on the third potentiometer, and a coil opposing the further coil connected to the third electron tube.

21. An electric system having, in combination, two variable voltages, electric circuits in which currents low under the influence of the voltages, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the said currents to act at right angles to each other, means for producing third and fourth voltages the values of which are respectively equal to the squares of the said two voltages, means for producing a th voltage equal to the sum of the said squares, a sixth voltage, means for producing a seventh voltage the value of which is equal tothe square of the sixth voltage, electric circuits in which currents ilow under the influence 'of thepsixth and seventh voltages, and means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the lastnamed currents to oppose each other.

22. An electric system for finding the height H and the ground range G of an object comprising means for detecting and tracking the object, means cooperating with the detecting and tracking means for continuously indicating the range R of the object, means cooperating with the detecting and tracking means for continuously indicating the angle a of elevation of the object, three adjustable voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively ow under the inuence of the voltages of two of the voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the said currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said values of the voltages of the said two voltage sources, means controlled by the rangeindicating means for adjusting the voltage of the third voltage source to a value corresponding to the square of the range R, and means for adjusting the voltages of the said two voltage sources to values such that their said ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle a indicated by the angle-indicating means and such that the sum of their squares shall correspond to the adjusted value of the voltage of the third voltage source, whereby the said adjusted values of the voltages of the said two voltage sources will respectively be measures of the height H and the ground range G.

23. An electric system for finding the height H and the ground range G of an object comprising means for detecting and tracking the object, means cooperating with the detecting and tracking means for continuously indicating the range R of the object, means cooperating with the detecting and tracking means for continuously indicating the angle c of elevation of the object, adjustable first, second, third, fourth and fifth voltage sources, means controlled in accordance with the adjusted values of the voltages of the rst and second voltage sources for adjusting the voltages of the third and fourth voltage sources to values corresponding respectively to the squares of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the inuence of the said voltages of the first and second voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the said currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources, means controlled by the range-indicating means for adjusting the voltage of the fifth voltage source to a value corresponding to the square of the range R, and means for adjusting the said voltages cf the first and second voltage sources to values such that their said ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle c indicated by the angleindicating means and such that the sum of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the third and fourth voltage sources shall correspond to the said adjusted value of the voltage of the fifth voltage source, whereby the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources will respectively be measures of the height H and the ground range G.

24. An electric system for finding the height H and the ground range G of an object comprising means. for detecting and tracking the object, means cooperating with the detecting and tracking means for continuously indicating the range R ofthe object, means cooperating with the de- 18 tecting and tracking means for continuously indicating the angle a of elevation of the object, adjustable first, second, third, fourth and fifth voltage sources, means controlled in accordance with the adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources for adjusting the voltages of the third and fourth voltage sources to values corresponding respectively tothe squares of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow ,under the influence of the said voltages of the first and second voltage sources, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the said currents to act at right angles to each other to facilitate obtaining the ratio of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources, means for creating a sixth voltage of value corresponding to the sum of the said adjusted values of the voltages of the thirdk and fourth voltage sources, means controlled by the range-indicating means for adjusting the voltage of the fth voltage source to a value corresponding to the square of the range R, electric circuits in which currents respectively flow under the in.- fluence of the voltage of the fifth voltage source and the sixth voltage, means for causing the electromagnetic fields of the last-named currents to oppose each other, and means for adjusting the said voltages of the first and second Voltage sources to values such that their said ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the angle a indicated by the angle-indicating means and such that the Value of the sixth voltage shall correspond to ythe said adjusted value of the voltage of the fifthvoltage source, whereby the said adjusted values of the voltages of the first and second voltage sources will respectively be; measures of the height H and the ground range G. 25. A method of finding the ground range G and the height H of an object comprising measuring the range R and the angle of. of elevation of the object, and continuously and synchronously with the measurement of the range R adjusting a voltage to a value corresponding to the square of the measured range R and adjusting two further voltages to values such that their ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the measured angle a and such that the sum of their squares shall correspond to the adjusted firstnamed voltage, whereby thesaid adjusted two further voltages will respectively be measuresof the ground range G and the height H of the object.

26. With the aid of adjustable first, second, third, fourth and fifth voltages, a method of finding the ground range G and the height I-I of an object comprising measuring the range R, and

the angle a of elevation of the object, adjusting the third and fourth voltages to values corresponding respectively to the squares of the adjusted values of the iirst and second voltages, and continuously and synchronously with the measurement of the range R adjusting the fifth v voltage to a value corresponding to the square of the measured range R and adjusting the first .and second voltages to values such that their ratio shall correspond to the tangent of the measured angle a and such that the sum of the said adjusted values of the third and fourth voltages shall correspond to the said adjusted value of the fth voltage, whereby the said adjusted rst and second. voltages will respectively be measures-- the height H of the of the ground range G and object.

2 7`."With the aid' of adjustabley rst, f second, third, 1' fourth and "fth voltages, f`a method Jfof finding kthe groundrange 'Gand thebheighti of an "obj ect comprising "measuring "the range L"R and the" angle of of elevation orthecooject, adjusting`the third-and fourth voltages to"values corresponding l'respectively to'the-squarespf the adjusted values of 'tha'rstand second voltages, sending a current througha"condu'ctor;jadju'st ing the current-'tocreate asixth ,voltageofwalue corresponding tothe sum' of, the said squares;` and continuously andsynchronously"withn the meas-l urement of the-range R adjusting thaithgvolta'gerto a `Value correspondingrto thasquare 1 of the` measured range R, sendingv a 'current-,through a" second.. conductor underthe influence s of the adjusted *"th voltage,.` causing the electromagnetic/ ":fields ,o f" the' said-v; currents to 'oppose' each other;tand4 adjusting Atheiirst and secondvoltajges top'valuesA such that their ratio shall correspond to thetangentiof 'the` measured angle ,and such that the value of thesiXth vvoltage shall.' correspond" to the: said adjusted value of Athe""r`th voltage, whereby the adjusted iirst4 and; second voltages `will respectiyely'be .measures "of the ground prangeG andtheheightLI-I oftthe object.,

`28. `An electric system for rfrrding theheight H ,andthegground range'G of anobject comprising' a radio-location equipmentlfor determining the.an'vgle tof elevation .and the rangeR of the obje'ct; the radioelocation euuiprnlenty bein'gjprow vided lwith a rangepotentiorneter having a slider the position'of which corresponds.to"the range R,"three. adjustable voltage sources, electric circu'its in which currents. respectively now under the influence of `the voltagesof two ofy the'v'oltagesources, meansfor causing theelectromagneticfields ofthe said. currentsto act at. right angles to each other to`facilitate obtainingthe ratio of the said Values of .thevoltages of the said two voltage sources, meanscontrolledby the slider' for adjusting thevoltage of thethird voltage source to avalue corresponding tothe square ofthe range R, and means' for adjusting the voltages of the said two voltage sources to values such thattheir said ratio shall correspond to the tangentof the angle a. and such that" the sum of' their squares shall correspond to the adjustedvaluaof the third'voltage source, wherebythelsaid adjustedjvalues of the vvoltages of the saidV two vfoltagesources .willrespectively loe measures-of the height H andthe ground range. G. ""29. A methodofnnding the yground range G and the height H of an object. comprising. .reiiectingzand .scattering radio waves'fromythe object,

receiving.thel reflectedv and scattered-radio waves .and thereby measuring'the rangeiR and thelangle e of elevation 3 of the object, :and continuously andgfsynchronously with the-,measurement of vthe range `R; adjusting va Avoltage vto a Value corre" spendingv to the square ofthe. measured range R land'atrljusting two further voltages to values such that'their ratiozshall'correspond to the tangent of the' angle an'd"such thatthe sum. of their squares` shall correspond o to the adjusted :"'first- 'named voltage, whereby .the saidY adjusted #two further-voltages will respectively be measures` of )the groundrangeflG and .,thezheight .H of the object.

y 30. An electric system for nding the height H andtheground'range vCrgof anA object com- 'prisinga-A radio-'location equipment having means 'fo'rL'transrnittingradio `waves towards the object, means 'forreceiving the-transmitted'waves after reection and scatter from the object, means controlled in accordance:Mtlr'thefreceiveds:Waves for determiningthe an'gle--af'foffelevationf 'ofthe' object, rcathode-ray-t'ube ffineans, fmeans controlled in'- accordance with the `received :waves fior displaying upon 'the' cathodeerayetube means iindications v' corresponding' to "'the.' range.' R, adjustable Voltage'=source, -means 'for adjusting the voltage of the-rstvoltagersource inf accord` ance' with4 vthe indications in lorder `that: then-adjusted 'voltage shall lprovideY =anrneasure y:of ``the range' R,` twov further adjustable voltage'-I sources;

means foi-adj Listing the voltages .ofi-thef further voltage sources to values thatmay'representftzal#4 ues relat `edby4 a factorofproportionality-'tofthe sineand the cosine;respectively,-off the anglewd arid'means controlle'diin*accordance-with the-fade" justment of the rstvoltage sourcffor'correlat* ing 'the factor of proportionality -tokthef-range'PR in orderv thatsai'd adjusted .'Valuesl of the Wolt-4 ages-fof the saidfrur'tlier voltage sources shall re? spectively Iprovide lmeasures v of the'l'ieightfHA and the ground range'G.

31. An Y electric system "for "determining `fitlfie" height 'H and' the" groundI rangef`G-- of an`- object comprising 'a radio-location A equipment` v:hauling meansVT forl transmitting radio"wavesf'towardthe object;vmeansifor receivingithe transmittedfwaves after rec'tion and scatter'from the lobjectyfmeans controlled in accordance witlithereeeived waves for determining"`the angle wot elevationvoffthe object, cathode-ray-tube means, means contrlle'd in 'accordance'with 'the received'iwaves fornisplaying upon fthe* cafthodeeray'j-tbefmeans `indi-` cations corresponding to frthe 1v slant "rangeT-Rf-f' theY object, a rst adjustable v0ltage'eprdu'c'ingv means, means' for adjusting' `the"rst'voltage'pro ducing-means in' accordance rwith the' indications of the ca'thodeerayetubemeans i in rorder thatfthe adjusted voltage'rproduced therebyfshall provide a measure *of thefslantrangeL'R," second and thid adjustable` voltageepro'ducing f means;- 'meansi-for adjusting *thesecond and' third l'voltageproduc-7' ing' means to producej voltagesi'thatf-m'ay represent values related f by a factor of proportionality A-to "the sine andthey co`s`ine,"respectively,V- f the angle a,hei"gl'1trepresenting means'ior-rep` resenting 2'the --adju'stment v`of fthe #second '=-volt age-producing -ffmeans, v"'groundrange-represent@ ing 'means' for lnepresenting 'the adustment -of- 'the third'fvoltageeprc'ducing means, andrmeansHfor modifying 'the representations'cf the heightsrepresenting'means and the grounderangefrepresenting meansv in -accordancewith 'the :adjustmentof thefirst voltage-producing imeans to c correlate.` thef 4factorA orproportionality': tofthe` slant range R, in order *that the :representations ,of the height-representing means :and *the vggl'ound: range-representing means "shall: respectively;pro4 videomeasures' of' thej heightfjHcand ithegfgroud range G.

32. An electricisystem .for vdeterminingthe height I-I;` of arr-object comprising a radio-,location equipment' havingnmeans s forV transmitting; radio waves towardlthefobj ect', meansior. recelrinathe transmitted zwaves -;.a'fter retlectlonaaniscattel.' from the object; means controlled in accordance with the received" wavesforideterminingltheangle a of elevation of the ohjeli,.cathodegrayftube means, means controlled '.inaccordance"Withvthe received wavesA for ,displayingllponQtha,cathode-1 rari-tubey means indications corresponding'totlthe slant range Rj of the obj,ect,.arst;a1justable-voltgage=producingmeans,'meansforadjustingthenrst voltage-producing meansV in accordance` with the indications i of 4l `the cathode#ray-tube4 means order that the adjusted voltage produced thereby shall provide a measure of the slant range R, further adjustable voltage-producing means, means for adjusting the further voltage-producing means to produce voltages that may represent values related by a factor of proportionality to the sine of the angle a, means for representing the adjustment of the further voltage-producing means, and means for modifying the representations of the representing means in accordance with the adjustment of the first voltage-producing means to correlate the factor of the proportionality to the slant range R in order that the representing means shall provide a measure oi the height H.

33. An electric system for determining the ground range G of an object comprising a radiolocation equipment having means for transmitting radio Waves toward the object, means for receiving the transmitted waves after reection and scatter from the object, means controlled in accordance with the received Waves for determining the angle a of elevation of the object, cathoderay-tube means, means controlled in accordance With the received Waves for displaying upon the catode-ray-tube means indications corresponding to the slant range R of the object, a rst adjustable voltage-producing means, means for adjusting the rst voltage-producing means in accordance with the indications of the cathoderay-tube means in order that the adjusted voltage produced thereby shall provide a measure of the slant range R, further adjustable voltageproducing means, means for adusting the further voltage-producing means to produce voltages that may represent Values related by a factor of proportionality to the cosine of the angle a, means for representing the adjustment of the further voltage-producing means, and means for modifying the representations of the representing means in accordance with the adustment of the rst voltage-producing means to correlate the factor of proportionality to the slant range R in order that the representing means shall provide a measure of the ground range G.

34. An electric system for determining the height H and the ground range G of an object comprising a radio-location equipment having means for transmitting radio Waves toward the object, means for receiving the transmitted waves after reflection and scatter from the object, means controlled in accordance with the received Waves for determining the angle u of elevation of the object, cathode-ray-tube means, means controlled in accordance with the received waves for displaying upon the cathode-ray-tube means indications corresponding to the slant range R of the object, an adjustable voltage-producing means, means for adjusting the voltage-producing means in accordance with the indications of the cathode-ray-tube means in order that the adjusted voltage produced thereby shall provide a measure of the slant range R, first and second adjustable voltage-producing potentiometers, means for adjusting the lfirst and second potentiometers to produce voltages that may represent values related by a factor of proportionality to the sine and the cosine, respectively, of the angle u, height-representing means for representing the adjustment of the first potentiometer, groundrange-representing means for representing the adjustment of the second potentiometer, and means for modifying the representations of the height-representing means and the groundrange-representing means in accordance with the adjustment of the voltage-producing means to correlate the factor of proportionality to the slant range R in order that the representations of the height-representing means and the groundrange-representing means shall respectively provide measures of the height H and the ground range G.

ROBERT HARVEY RINES.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,389,830 Horne Sept. 6, 1921 1,510,440 Gilman Sept. 30, 1924 2,444,770 Tyler July 6, 1948 2,444,771 Tyler July 6, 1948 j FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 633,493 Germany Aug. 3, 1936 164,765 Great Britain June 23, 1921 

